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Bucket-wheel excavators mine rare earth materials on Ukrainian soil on February 25, 2025, in the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine. (Kostiantyn Liberov via Getty Images)
Middle East
Middle East
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Israeli navy vessels off the coast of Rosh Hanikra, an area at the border between Israel and Lebanon, on June 6, 2022. (Jalaa Marey/AFP via Getty Images)
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A fire at a power station in Kyiv, Ukraine, after Russian shelling on October 18, 2022. (State Emergency Service of Ukraine via Wikimedia Commons)
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A woman holds a sign during a protest over the death of Iranian Mahsa Amini outside the Iranian Consulate on October 7, 2022, in Istanbul, Turkey. (Chris McGrath via Getty images)
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People gather in protest against the the Iranian regime on September 19, 2022, in Tehran, Iran, following the death of Mahsa Amini in custody of the country's morality police. (Getty Images)
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A man walks past a damaged silo at the Saudi Aramco oil facility in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on November 24, 2020, after Houthi rebels launched a missile attack on the facility. (Fayez Nureldine/AFP via Getty Images)
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Barack Obama shakes hands with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Nayef of Saudi Arabia during a bilateral meeting in the Oval Office at the White House May 13, 2015, in Washington, DC. (Olivier Douliery via Getty Images)
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Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei attends the joint graduation ceremony of armed forces cadets at Imam Hussein Military University in Tehran, Iran, on October 3, 2022. (Iranian Leader Press Office/Handout/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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(Screenshot via Fox News/YouTube)
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Anti-regime protests in Tehran, Iran, on October 8, 2022. (AFP via Getty Images)
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(Screenshot via Conversations with Tyler/YouTube)
Experts
James Barnett
Research Fellow
Michael Doran
Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
