Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East

Leaders representing Russia, Pakistan, China, Uzbekistan, Iran, and Kyrgyzstan attend a meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Council of Heads of State in Bishek in 2019. (Vyacheslav Oseledko/AFP via Getty Images)

Representatives of the European Union, Iran and others attend the Iran nuclear talks at the Grand Hotel on April 15, 2021 in Vienna, Austria. (Photo by EU Delegation in Vienna via Getty Images)

U.S. President Joe Biden delivers remarks in Greensboro, NC on April 14, 2022. (Photo by Peter Zay/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)

Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett and U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken hold a joint press conference following their meeting within the Negev Summit in Tel Aviv, Israel on March 27, 2022. (Photo by GPO/Handout/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)

Iranian Clerics chant slogans during an anti-U.S. rally in Tehran on April 14, 2019 after the U.S. designation of Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization. (Photo by Rouzbeh Fouladi/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi during their meeting in Moscow on January 19, 2022. (Photo by Pavel Bednyakov/Sputnik/AFP via Getty Images)

Michael Doran, director of the Hudson Institute's Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East. Photo illustration: Shoshana Gordon/Axios.

Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi delivers a speech in the Imam Khomeini Grand Mosque in downtown Tehran on January 3, 2022. (Photo by Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

Azerbaijan flag waving in center of the city on November 28, 2020 in Baku, Azerbaijan. (Photo by Aziz Karimov/Getty Images)