The election in May 2014 of a new government in India raised expectations around the world of the likelihood of far-reaching changes in India's economic and foreign policy orientation. This report examines both the promises and the concrete steps taken by Narendra Modi's government in the areas of: defense, education, energy, healthcare, innovation & IPR, labor, trade and investment.

Caption
Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth speaks during a news conference at the Pentagon on June 22, 2025. (Andrew Harnik via Getty Images)