The election in May 2014 of a new government in India raised expectations around the world of the likelihood of far-reaching changes in India's economic and foreign policy orientation. This report examines both the promises and the concrete steps taken by Narendra Modi's government in the areas of: defense, education, energy, healthcare, innovation & IPR, labor, trade and investment.

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A robot from AgiBot is seen during the Global Developer Conference, organized by the Shanghai AI Industry Association, in Shanghai on February 21, 2025. (Hector Retamal via Getty Images)