This report results from a year long study conducted by the Hudson Institute and partially supported by the Smith Richardson Foundation. Principal Investigator Richard Weitz produced the report, supported by several commissioned papers and a day-long policy workshop, to assess the possible evolution of the main foundations of Russian power, focusing on key transition points and the windows of strength and vulnerability they create for Russian policy makers.

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A US flag flies off the stern of a tour boat at the Port of Los Angele in California on July 31, 2025. (Getty Images)