This monograph is the first part of a two-year study of Egyptian Islamism funded by the Smith Richardson Foundation. The study is divided into two parts. The second part examines the internal dynamics of Islamism in terms of the interrelationship among its various constituent currents and their disagreements on key theological and political questions.

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President Donald Trump shakes hands with President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen as he announces a trade deal with the EU at Trump Turnberry golf club on July 27, 2025, in Turnberry, Scotland. (Andrew Harnik via Getty Images)