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Bucket-wheel excavators mine rare earth materials on Ukrainian soil on February 25, 2025, in the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine. (Kostiantyn Liberov via Getty Images)
Jean-Pierre Filiu
Professor of Middle East Studies, Sciences Po, Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA)
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Timbuktu, Mali, January 31, 2013 (Fred Dufour/AFP/Getty)
