
Caption
Bucket-wheel excavators mine rare earth materials on Ukrainian soil on February 25, 2025, in the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine. (Kostiantyn Liberov via Getty Images)
historian and Arabist and a PhD candidate in Arabic and Islamic Studies at the Univeristy of Leuven
Pieter Van Ostaeyen is an historian and Arabist and a PhD candidate in Arabic and Islamic Studies at the Univeristy of Leuven (KU Leuven).
Pieter Van Ostaeyen is an historian and Arabist and a PhD candidate in Arabic and Islamic Studies at the Univeristy of Leuven (KU Leuven).