Center on Europe and Eurasia

Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) Leaders' Summit in Oslo on May 9, 2025. (Alastair Grant via Getty Images)

A small brick building in Norilsk, Russia, where winter lasts months 11, on March 21, 2025. (Alexander Manzyuk via Getty Images)

Russian President Vladimir Putin meets with Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov at the Kremlin on May 7, 2025. (Getty Images)

President Donald Trump delivers remarks during a joint press conference with French President Emmanuel Macron on February 24, 2025, in Washington, DC. (Getty Images)

Soldiers drive a British Challenger battle tank as they take part in an urban combat exercise during a United Kingdom–French joint military maneuver near Reims, France, on April 22, 2025. (Getty Images)

Kazakh Naval Forces ships sail through the Caspian Sea during a military exercise on October 2, 2020. (Ministry of Defence of Kazakhstan via Getty Images)

Russia's President Vladimir Putin at the Kremlin, in Moscow, on April 22, 2025. (Gavriil Grigorov via Getty Images)

A Ukrainian law enforcement officer inspects the remains of a missile in front of a destroyed perfume and cosmetics manufacturing building following an attack in Kharkiv, Ukraine, on April 18, 2025. (Getty Images)

US President Donald Trump meets with French President Emmanuel Macron in the Oval Office at the White House on February 24, 2025, in Washington, DC. (Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

A Ukrainian soldier conducts training on April 8, 2025. (Getty Images)

A batch of fiber-optic drones are seen before being handed over to the Ukrainian armed forces in Kyiv, Ukraine, on April 1, 2025. (Mykhaylo Palinchak via Getty Images)

The flags of the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Ukraine are seen prior to talks on March 11, 2025, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. (Salah Malkawi via Getty Images)