This publication examines the legal parameters of the term "effective control" under international law in the context of an occupation and asserts that the application of the standards of the test for "effective control" indicates that

Caption
Global Autonomous Reconnaissance Craft (GARC) from Unmanned Surface Vessel Squadron 3 (USVRON 3) operate remotely in San Diego Bay on May 15, 2024, ahead of the unit’s establishment ceremony. (US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Claire M. DuBois)