
Caption
Bucket-wheel excavators mine rare earth materials on Ukrainian soil on February 25, 2025, in the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine. (Kostiantyn Liberov via Getty Images)
Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy
Robert Joseph is a senior scholar at the National Institute for Public Policy; he was under secretary of state for arms control and international secu
Robert Joseph is a senior scholar at the National Institute for Public Policy; he was under secretary of state for arms control and international security, 2005–2007.